Economic conditions and history
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- Which technologies are most likely to disrupt the pattern of global trade and investment in the coming decades and what impact will they have on productivity growth?
- How are emerging digital services and technologies likely to affect the future of exports and supply chains across sectors?
- How can comparative advantage inform future trade and investment interests across regions and sectors? What are the limits of comparative advantage here?
- What is the productivity premium on exporters versus non-exporters in the UK?
- What impact would the introduction of carbon border taxes have on regional trade flows?
- What specific trade and investment policy interventions are most effective in creating inclusive growth for both UK and developing countries?
- How can we best model the impact of trade policy at a sub-national level (for example, by specific groups, sectors, and regions)?
- What research techniques are most effective in evaluating how trade policy drives prosperity?
- How can we quantify the impact of individual barriers on trade and investment?
- How can various data sources inform how we identify, address and resolve market access barriers relating to goods, services and foreign investment?
- How can artificial intelligence, machine learning, simulation, agent based modelling and other leading data science techniques contribute to better understanding of trade and investment patterns?
- What evidence is there of the value of Government or transport operator investment in transport data assets or data projects?
- How can policy measures best encourage and support businesses to recover and return to international trade post-crisis, given differing attitudes to risk?
- What different patterns can be observed in trade and investment flows following exogenous shocks (such as COVID-19), compared to endogenous shocks (such as a financial shock) to the economy?
- What approaches can best measure injury to domestic producers from imports, in the context of targeting trade remedies? How can the direct and wider impacts of trade remedies be measured, including across sectors, regions and supply chains?
- To what extent are trade remedies effective in protecting domestic production and employment? How regionally specific is this relationship?
- How can we value non-FTA agreements (including the Government Procurement Agreement and mutual recognition agreements), in terms of total impact?
- What is the best way to model trade-offs and synergies across multiple environmental, social, and economic goals resulting from land use and land management?
- How can we best evaluate economic impact of including sectoral annexes to chapters in trade agreements?
- In the event of a trade shock, how can data requirements for taking rapid decisions be met using real time indicators (RTIs) and non-traditional sources of data? How can data science evaluate and improve the quality and reliability of RTIs?
- What can international best practice tell us about using data to manage the shock and recovery?
- How can we assess the longer-term structural changes to the global trading system following a shock, including the assessment of the long-term impacts of short-term responses to COVID-19?
- To what extent has COVID-19 and cost of living crisis impacted on the drivers for private giving and cultural organisations’ approach to donations?
- What can we learn from COVID-19 about helping local areas to be more resilient to economic, and other, shocks? And what is the impact of changes in demand for land, such as office, retail, housing etc in particular locations?
- What is the emerging evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economies and productivity of cities and regions, coastal/rural, and deprived areas? How does this vary across the different parts of the UK?
- What challenges are posed by inflation in both demand and supply contexts?
- What are the key drivers of housing affordability? And what is the role of housing supply within these?
- To what extent is housing tenure (e.g. social rented, private rented, home ownership etc) driven by choice? What drives people’s choices? For example, is private renting seen as a ‘stepping-stone’ to home ownership? And how does this vary across different geographical areas?
- Which factors, or characteristics, make some areas perform better than others at different spatial scale (towns, cities, regions)?
- How can we assess how much value is created in each stage of a global supply chain and how do “smile curves” vary across products and sectors? For example, how can we estimate the value of intellectual property within global supply chains?
- How can we effectively evaluate countries’ relative technology readiness levels (TRL), by technical area, sector and overall strategy? To what extent does the commercial, regulatory and legal environment impact on TRLs? To what extent can market access restrictions to some sectors have wider impacts on trade within other sectors?
- How can we best measure the impact of large exporters at a sub-regional level (for example, agglomeration effects, supply chain effects)? How can we measure the structure and interactions in the supply chain in exporting sectors?
- How can we evaluate additionality of government support in trade facilitation?
- What is the effect on wages, employment and survival on UK exporters versus non exporters?
- How important are imports from developing countries for UK supply chains and what role can they play in diversification of supply chains?
- What can comparative advantage tell us, in the context of production shifts arising from climate change?
- What conclusions can be drawn from patterns of anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and safeguard activity in previous business cycles? What lessons emerge from COVID-19 and recovery?
- What role does trade play in variation in sub-regional growth productivity and employment in the UK?
- How can we codify and measure the impact of non-regulatory barriers to trade, such as exchange rates, language, cultural, and geographical barriers?
- What insights does the academic literature provide on the economics of trade remedies, and issues that have arisen in recent World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes, including subsidies and market distortions?
- How can we best evaluate the impact of non-tariff, regulatory measures to trade in goods, including technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures?
- How can we best evaluate the trade restrictiveness of different categories of non-tariff measures (at both bilateral and multilateral levels, across goods, services and investment)?
- How can we measure the market access restrictiveness of a country from a UK perspective?
- To what extent can market access barriers in some sectors have wider impact on trade in other sectors?
- How can we measure the impact of a trade agreement on value added trade? How does this differ by sector?
- Which elements of trade agreements have historically had the greatest impact on trade flows?
- How should the predictive accuracy of CGE models be assessed?
- What are the long-term impact of provisions that bind in existing market access and reduce uncertainty?
- To what extent are the provisions in trade agreements utilised in practice? Which sectors or businesses are most likely to use them?
- How effective have existing trade agreements been in reducing the trade restrictiveness of non-tariff measures?
- How can global demand shocks (including for emergency and medical supplies) be best modelled, accounting for uncertainty?
- What can we learn about sequencing the levels of intervention and openness in an economy following a shock? How can economic theories, such as transition economics, inform this?
- How effective is trade and investment policy in creating economic security and resilience that safeguards against shocks? What can we learn from comparing different country responses?
- Increasing understanding of the macro-economic benefits of resource efficiency. Developing metrics and measurement techniques to identify key areas for intervention to achieve these benefits and to monitor progress
- What is the value of different elements of the natural environment in economic terms and more generally? How can we best capture and integrate intangible values into decision-making?
- What is the role of the consumer in delivering net zero and how can changes be achieved equitably? What are the potential market responses to such changes and how do we avoid unintended consequences?
- What affects willingness to pay for news online? What types of content are different audience groups willing to pay for? In what ways are different audiences willing to pay (e.g. regular subscription, donation)? How does this change over time and what influences that change?
- Are digital markets, including digital intermediation services such as platforms, impacting creator remuneration, and if so how?
- What are the social, economic, cultural and democratic impacts of national and local news provision in the UK? How can we best quantify and/or qualify the impact of national and local news provision? How do these impacts and benefits differ across different demographics and stakeholders?
- What is the economic cost of loneliness?
- What social and economic value does this sector provide?
- To what extent have investments in buildings/infrastructure (new buildings, expansion/maintenance or repurposing for cultural use) led to social and economic regeneration of an area?
- What are the best ways to measure business perceptions of risk in relation to exporting post COVID-19?
- How might COVID-19 shape wider social attitudes towards trade and investment?
- How will the composition of sovereign debt change in countries post-coronavirus
- Assess socio-economic information to support and incentivise a change to secure the long-term sustainability of seafood exploitation whilst reducing the environmental impact of exploitation
- Determine the socio-economic costs of plastic litter on marine wildlife, ecosystems, and maritime industries. The costs incurred from changing to other materials, including the potential benefits to be made from new industries including small medium-size enterprise.
- How do economic cycles affect employment, unemployment, economic activity and wages? How do any effects vary for different groups?
- How has rising inflation impacted on the living standards for different groups?
- Understanding the cost of crime in London to communities and the public sector
- Understanding how SOC markets work, and how they interact and impact each other
- Improved knowledge of the harms and impacts of SOC activity, including the economic impact.
- How recruitment of cheap (migrant and native) labour balances against investment in new technology.
- Impacts of different types of new arrivals on local communities, the economy and public services (monetised and non-monetised costs and benefits).
- How do the public’s attitudes towards globalisation vary, and what drives these differences?
- How do the public view the trade-offs that trade agreements bring, in relation to consumer choice, prices and employment by sector? How do these perceptions vary by partner country?
- What factors affect public perceptions of trade and how does this differ by specific groups, sectors and regions?
- Which statistical methods can help reconcile foreign investment and trade asymmetries between partner countries?
- How does investment and export promotion engage with varied supply chains, given small and medium enterprise internationalisation?