Medicine (General)
Research Topic
Language: English
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Research problems linked to this topic
- Better understanding of ecosystem responses to air quality impacts and of restoration trajectories / rates of recovery of impacted systems in response to policy interventions
- What can cognitive science and neuroscientific developments tell us about effective teaching approaches?
- How is climate change affecting the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases, and how can we become more resilient to these outbreaks?
- The strengths and weaknesses of animal models.
- Manufacturing Innovation: We would like to have a more comprehensive forward look for new drugs, devices, or other therapeutics to identify potential innovations faster.
- How can new approaches and technologies be applied to perform targeted screening of specific areas of the body?
- What is the impact of long COVID on transport accessibility?
- Evidence on the potential impact of genomics on new therapeutics and interventions.
- A usable forward look on new technologies (including medicines, devices, therapeutics, precision medicine tools and approaches to drug development) in development.
- The risk of an unknown pandemic human disease (“disease x) has been at the top of the National Risk Register for some time and been realised this year in the shape of COVID-19. Two thirds of new human infectious diseases originate in animals. How can we better understand and prepare for future threats? How can we better join up animal and human health research, capability, and digital backbone across government to facilitate agile responses?
- How can we model existing data from human, animal, plant, and environmental health indicators to better understand the interconnection and potential impacts of climate change?
- How can we use digital innovation and precision farming techniques to measure animal health and welfare outcomes for livestock, and to provide early warning of livestock disease and health threats?
- What emerging technologies, such as wearables, can help identify and enable earlier interventions for struggling workforce members before they reach crisis point, for example, through the analysis of psychophysiological data?
- Evidence on the burden of disease associated with each of these disease areas, including both mortality data and quality of life adjustments.
- Medical errors are a major cause of death among Americans, and clinical miscommunication is considered the leading cause of medical errors.
- What are the impacts of greenhouse gas removals and negative emission technologies on climate and the environment? What are the trade-offs of negative emissions techniques and other interventions?
- Identify, prioritise, and investigate scientific and technical challenges for remediation from a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) or HAZMAT event
- Estimates of the economic impact and contribution of genomic activities, including returns to R&D spending.
- How does exposure to biodiverse environments link to human microbiome diversity and shape health outcomes?
- Molecular biology: The ongoing evolution in the costs, speed, and ease of DNA measurements will allow entirely new approaches to complement traditional biodiversity monitoring and increase understanding of ecosystems, biodiversity, diseases, and other aspects of the environment
- Research and development in all forensic science areas: the rapidly expanding digital forensics; “conventional” areas such as fingerprints and DNA; and many other niche areas. Using general scientific advances and insights in the forensics domain.
- What emerging biological or behavioural measurements and calculations can be used to ascertain or impersonate a person’s identity?
- Develop new and improved monitoring and modelling approaches, incorporating systems-based considerations which better reflect real world changes
- Developing non-animal technologies.
- How can we enable better biosecurity standards and behaviours to control and minimise the impact of disease and pests? how can we build systems that are resilient to introductions of pests and diseases and that can support adaptation and recovery? How can we breed animals and plants which are resistant to key diseases?
- Explore other databases that could expand our coverage of the various elements of the life sciences ecosystem.
- Improving speed and accuracy of existing forensic approaches (for example, rapid DNA profile extraction and analysing seized digital media).
- Endemic animal diseases undermine agricultural productivity, negatively impacting animal welfare, farmers’ livelihoods, public health, and threaten trade. Increased research into improved methods of detection and control of bovine TB and other such endemic diseases remains a priority for Defra
- How do we deploy emerging technologies to move from post-disease/outbreak surveillance to pre-emergence surveillance and mitigation of risks?
- What advances in analysing microbiomes and genetics can be utilised to identify or track criminals from traces found at crime scenes?
- How can we design and embed robust, cross-cutting indicators of, and improve our understanding of, human, animal, plant, and environmental health in systems under pressure from climate change?
- Evidence on inequality of the impact of the diseases across different population groups.
- Evidence on the prevalence of long-term conditions associated with the disease areas covered by the healthcare missions (cancer, ageing, dementia, mental health, respiratory disease, obesity, addiction). Further, we would like to understand what links exist between these disease areas: whether there are mutual risk factors or whether any of these disease areas are a risk factor for another.
- Pursuing every aspect of research in the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement).
- How can we develop and apply science, technology, and evidence to inform and deliver a risk-based approach to animal and plant biosecurity?
- How can we monitor prevalence of COVID-19 and similar viruses through our water systems to act as an early warning system and inform public health decisions?
- How can we better understand and prevent the development of antimicrobial and anthelmintic resistance? How can we develop better diagnostic tests to encourage more judicious use of antimicrobials and anthelmintics?
- Evidence on whether reductions in excess adiposity improve patient outcomes and prevent the incidence of developing secondary disease or multiple long-term conditions.
- Evidence of the potential impact of genomics on the productivity of the pharmaceutical sector.
- What is needed to further understand the value of plants and the wider environment to society, and how is this relationship eroded by pests and disease?
- Development of systems approaches that can be used to inform policymaking. This includes approaches to provide insights into complex systems, identify points of intervention, account for multiple perspectives, and frame policy decisions