cement
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- Controlled low strength material (CLSM) is a flowable mixture that can be used as a backfill material in place of compacted soils.
- Freeze-thaw cycle is one of the major damage factors of concrete patch repair.
- The lime is a typical material for the building industry.
- The study of Ca-leaching of cement-based materials has necessitated the use of accelerated leaching experiments because of extremely slow leaching kinetics.
- Rice husk ash (RHA) is used as a replacement to cement to produce mortar.
- The primary factors that affecting concrete sulfate resistance are the chemistry of the Portland cement and the chemistryandreplacementlevelofmineraladmixtures.
- Underground structures and storage caverns are increasingly being constructed in rock salt due to its unique self-healing ability and impervious nature.
- Geogrid-reinforced granular soils have been widely used in pavement, railway, and retaining wall.
- Due to its low permeability, a clay liner is the main material used in solid waste disposal landfills.
- Long-lasting cement plugging of wells is crucial for successful CO2 storage in underground reservoirs.
- Hemp concrete has been used more and more in building construction because hemp is a renewable plant, recyclable and does not degrade within time.
- Heavy oil production, oil sand and mineral processing require protection of steel components against sand erosion and erosion-corrosion.
- Cemented paste backfill (CPB) offers an environmentally sustainable way to utilize mine tailings, one of the largest waste streams in the world.
- The leakage of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes from cementitious barriers at disposal sites can pose long-term environmental threats.
- The transformation process of clay minerals into pozzolanic products for use as active additives in cement matrixes has been closely studied by both the scientific community and the cement industry.
- Hot mix asphalt concrete with substitution of waste metal processing ( steel slag ) aggregate is the result of residual waste processing or a crust of iron ore furnace , visually shaped as hard lumps and irregularly shaped rock , has a specific gravity > 2.
- The massive construction projects such as nuclear power plants and gas storage plants operate their own batch plants for appropriate supply of a massive amount of ASTM Type I cement.
- Palm oil fuel ash is a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) generated from the combustion of palm oil fibers and shells in palm oil mills to produce electricity, and One approach to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions and increase the sustainability of concrete by substitute a significant amount of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with it.
- The properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) mortars with different magnesium to phosphate (M/P) molar ratios and sand to binder (S/B) weight ratios have been investigated.
- The petroleum industry has been quick to appreciate the possibilities of plastics pipe for handling corrosive fluids and gases, and is now using it in considerable quantities for a variety of applications, including the carrying of corrosive chemicals in refinery and petrochemical plant.
- Shrinkage of concrete is the reduction of volume caused by loss of water during the drying process (drying shrinkage) and also by chemical reactions of hydration of cement paste (endogenous shrinkage or autogenous shrinkage).
- Concrete is one of the most utilized materials in the world, and consequently, its raw materials are intensely exploited by the construction industry. Its utilization limit and disposal constitutes a great preoccupation and so the consumption of the natural raw materials as concrete aggregates has been decreasing and the use of alternative or recycled raw materials has been increasing. During the last 10years, the used of distinct mineral, plasticizing additives, and aggregates into self-compact concrete (SCC) has been widely investigated and much research is needed to see how this affects its properties.
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