Pests
Research Topic
Language: English
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- How do we effectively monitor and assess the impact of emerging threats on water quality and ecology (for example plastics, antimicrobial resistance, neonicotinoid pesticides, nanoparticles, pharmaceuticals, invasive species, and chemicals) to inform risk-based decision making?
- Ustilago maydis causes smut disease on corn.
- The movement of endemic fruit flies to new habitats represents a major biological and economic threat.
- Gastrointestinal nematodes are recognized as some of the most important causes of production losses in extensive sheep farming.
- Globally, invasive plant species cause negative impacts to human livelihoods and natural ecosystems, particularly in biodiversity hotspots.
- Fusarium head blight (FHB) incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe is a devastating disease of barley and other cereal crops worldwide.
- Red rot disease caused by Colletotrichum falcatum is major concern and it causes the loss of 10 to 25% to the sugarcane yield.
- Thrips are direct pests as well as vectors of important viruses infecting crop plants.
- The management of plant diseases in the sustainable agriculture has become a challenge for plant pathologist.
- Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) is a notorious pest that threatens maize production worldwide.
- Female Aphidoletes aphidimyza confronts serious challenges from both aphid prey and conspecifics.
- The Vietnamese rice landrace Tetep is known world-wide for its exceptional broad-spectrum and durable resistance to blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae.
- A wide variety of arthropod pests that cause damage in agricultural crops can be found worldwide.
- The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a notorious Rutaceae plant pest.
- Animals living at high or temperate latitudes are challenged by extensive changes in environmental conditions over seasons.
- Bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.
- The two-spotted spider mite is a destructive phytophagous of agricultural and horticultural crops.
- Botryosphaeria dothidea is one of the most important pathogens of apple trees in China.
- The South America tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta is a serious invasive species in Nigeria.
- Corn rootworms of the genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are the most serious pest of corn in midwestern United States.
- Aspergillus flavus, the primary causal agent of aflatoxin contamination, includes many genetically diverse vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs).
- Banana bacterial sheath rot is a new disease causing significant economic losses in banana production in China.
- Scientific and societal unknowns make it difficult to predict how global environmental changes such as climate change and biological invasions will affect ecological systems.
- Sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a devastating pest that can cause severe damage to a range of crops by direct feeding and by plant virus transmission.
- In several crop species within the Triticeae tribe of the grass family Poaceae, single major aluminum (Al) tolerance genes have been identified that effectively mitigate Al toxicity, a major abiotic constraint to crop production on acidic soils.
- Aphid-borne Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean area and is one of the most prevalent cucurbit viruses in the region (4).
- Stubby-root nematodes (family Trichoridae) are an economically important group of ectoparasites that feed on roots, vector tobraviruses, and cause substantial crop loss (1,2,3).
- The sustainability of control programs for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, for citrus crops in Spain has been threatened by the development of resistance to malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin in recent years.
- In Asia, the pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is the most important vector of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner and Buhrer (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae), the causal agent of pine wilt disease, and the ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is the most important natural enemy of this pest.
- Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita stands out among the most harmful polyphagous endoparasite causing serious harm to plants, and distributed all over the globe.
- How can we enable better biosecurity standards and behaviours to control and minimise the impact of disease and pests? how can we build systems that are resilient to introductions of pests and diseases and that can support adaptation and recovery? How can we breed animals and plants which are resistant to key diseases?
- Endemic animal diseases undermine agricultural productivity, negatively impacting animal welfare, farmers’ livelihoods, public health, and threaten trade. Increased research into improved methods of detection and control of bovine TB and other such endemic diseases remains a priority for Defra
- We need to better understand the impacts of invasive non-native species on our natural ecosystems, including as vectors of disease
- What is the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment and within food systems, and to what extent is this facilitating the development and transmission of AMR between animal and human populations?
- We need to better understand the true value of plants and trees to society and deliver ongoing research to understand and prevent the introduction and spread of threats to UK plants – natural and crops. This include key threats such as Xylella, emerald ash borer, and other risks highlighted on the UK Plant Health Risk Register.
- How do we minimize the risk of plant and animal disease import to the UK as traded products change, and as the UK goes through a period of significant change in its international trading arrangements post-EU and post COVID-19?
- How do we protect pollinators and maximise beneficial insects?
- How can we improve the management of our ecosystems, including biodiversity loss, chemical pollution, environmental degradation, and the introduction of alien species, to reduce the risk of infectious zoonotic, animal, and plant diseases?
- How can we develop and apply science, technology, and evidence to inform and deliver a risk-based approach to animal and plant biosecurity?
- How can the vulnerability and role of habitats alongside transport infrastructure be better understood regarding climate change, pests, and disease? How can we increase resilience?
- What is needed to further understand the value of plants and the wider environment to society, and how is this relationship eroded by pests and disease?