zoonotic disease
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- How is climate change affecting the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases, and how can we become more resilient to these outbreaks?
- How can we use digital innovation and precision farming techniques to measure animal health and welfare outcomes for livestock, and to provide early warning of livestock disease and health threats?
- Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases that are potentially fatal but it is quite under-diagnosed and under-reported.
- Anthrax is a worldwide zoonotic disease.
- For millennia, human beings have been plagued by pathogens originating in other animal species.
- Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites causing anthroponotic and zoonotic infections.
- West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic pathogen maintained in a natural transmission cycle between mosquitoes and birds as reservoir hosts.
- The majority of emerging infectious disease agents affecting human are RNA viruses that originate from animals.
- Blastocystis is a zoonotic protozoan that infects a wide range of animals, including humans and rodents.
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic and obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks.
- Methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) are zoonotic life-threatening pathogens, and their presence in food raises a public health concern.
- The recent fatal case of Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) in an 8-year-old boy in February 2013 as well as infections in horses in May 2013 has prompted us to write about an earlier non-fatal exposure.
- Cryptosporidium parvum is an endemic, zoonotic coccidian parasitosis that is highly prevalent in third-world countries where waterborne fecal contamination of food and drink or person-to-person contact with oocysts are the most common methods of transmission of the enteric protozoan.
- The H9N2 avian influenza virus is not only an important zoonotic pathogen, it can also easily recombine with other subtypes to generate novel reassortments, such as the H7N9 virus.
- Mycoplasma ovis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a worldwide distribution and can cause mild to severe hemolytic anemia, icterus, and poor weight gain in animals.
- How can we reliably measure and improve the welfare outcomes for livestock on farm, during transport and at slaughter?
- How can we enable better biosecurity standards and behaviours to control and minimise the impact of disease and pests? how can we build systems that are resilient to introductions of pests and diseases and that can support adaptation and recovery? How can we breed animals and plants which are resistant to key diseases?
- Endemic animal diseases undermine agricultural productivity, negatively impacting animal welfare, farmers’ livelihoods, public health, and threaten trade. Increased research into improved methods of detection and control of bovine TB and other such endemic diseases remains a priority for Defra
- How do we deploy emerging technologies to move from post-disease/outbreak surveillance to pre-emergence surveillance and mitigation of risks?
- We need to better understand the impacts of invasive non-native species on our natural ecosystems, including as vectors of disease
- How will the prevalence and incidence of animal and plant pathogens in domesticated organisms and wildlife adjust to climate change? How can we better integrate cross-sector surveillance and response to ensure the risk of large-scale epidemics or pandemics in humans (such as COVID-19), animals, and plants are minimised?
- What is the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment and within food systems, and to what extent is this facilitating the development and transmission of AMR between animal and human populations?
- How do we minimize the risk of plant and animal disease import to the UK as traded products change, and as the UK goes through a period of significant change in its international trading arrangements post-EU and post COVID-19?
- How do we protect pollinators and maximise beneficial insects?
- How can we improve the management of our ecosystems, including biodiversity loss, chemical pollution, environmental degradation, and the introduction of alien species, to reduce the risk of infectious zoonotic, animal, and plant diseases?
- How can we develop and apply science, technology, and evidence to inform and deliver a risk-based approach to animal and plant biosecurity?
- How can the vulnerability and role of habitats alongside transport infrastructure be better understood regarding climate change, pests, and disease? How can we increase resilience?
- How can a One Health approach promote a cultural change to curb the expansion of illegal wildlife trafficking and implement solutions that will ultimately benefit humans and the planet, galvanising the role of protected species conservation and biodiversity on disease prevention and mitigation?