Demography. Population. Vital events
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- Where have bus services been a success (either in the UK or internationally) and why were they successful? How is it related to history, socio-economic and demographic factors, alternative travel modes and financial and other incentives?
- Are younger people deferring car use or are many of them never going to become drivers, unlike older generations? Are social norms for younger age groups changing?
- How is social change impacting on change in risks to workforce health and safety (e.g. ageing workforce, gender profile, disabled people, vulnerable workers, precarious work, remote work)? What competence is required to ensure managers and supervisors can support the workforce?
- What is the value and impact of policing’s crime prevention initiatives within the context of diverse communities and populations? How do policing’s crime prevention initiatives need to be altered to have a better impact in diverse communities and populations?
- How can we better understand the integrity (i.e. accuracy, completeness, and consistency) and use of Population Movement data?
- Which groups are vulnerable to which types of digital exclusion?
- What are the barriers faced by founders from diverse backgrounds in accessing finance? How does this vary across different social groups (e.g. ethnicity, gender, age, neurodiversity, disability status)?
- How inclusive is the evolving digital identity ecosystem? What are the barriers to inclusion within the system? What are the benefits of digital identity to individuals and businesses? How can we ensure the UK’s digital identity ecosystem is secure? Within the current market which groups are disproportionately affected or are more likely to become left behind as digital identity solutions become more widespread? What are some of the consequences of having excluded groups? Are there differences across different sectors or use cases? How can we build trust in digital identity solutions?
- How might wide-spread take-up of 4G mobile connectivity affect an individual’s daily life? What impact might it have on; (i) spending/saving habits, (ii) occupation, (iii) location of residence, (iv) education, (v) health(including wellbeing)? How does this differ for different demographic groups?
- "Could 4G mobile connectivity be enough, especially for extremely isolated populations that would be extremely costly to connect with fibre? For how long could 4G coverage be sufficient instead of broadband for (i) a residential premise; (ii) a business premise? To what extent is there demand in these communities for broadband connectivity?"
- To what extent are individuals without landline based connectivity at greater risk of exclusion?
- What solutions, introduced at what scales, would increase the access to finance for founders from diverse backgrounds? (i.e. depending on demographic groups/ intersectionality considerations)? What works for different groups? Which are expected to gain maximum impact?
- Evidence on inequality of the impact of the diseases across different population groups.
- What solutions, and scale of solutions, should be implemented to increase diversity (i.e. depending on demographic groups/ intersectionality considerations)? What works for different groups? Which are expected to gain maximum impact? What needs to be improved in the working environment and working culture?
- How do we improve representation and diversity of the digital workforce? How do we better understand the challenges and opportunities for inclusion across different social groups, taking into account: ethnicity, gender, age, disability status, regional difference? How do we make policies that support equitable progression and reward across the sector?
- Inequalities: What is the likelihood of impacts on different demographic groups and how that will affect equality of opportunity? Will this exacerbate/mitigate existing inequalities in the workforce?
- What is the impact of under-attainment for disadvantaged students on future skills needs and participation in HE?
- What are the most effective education strategies for raising awareness and promoting behaviour change toward sustainable lifestyles among different demographic groups?
- What are the key factors that could drive improved productivity and efficiency in the delivery of DWP services? How can DWP services be designed to effectively identify vulnerable groups and those with complex multiple needs, in order to facilitate early intervention in partnership with other organisations?
- If digital identity solutions become more widespread, what are the impacts this could have on marginalised groups? What further interventions could be implemented to improve access for these groups?
- ARI 3: shaping and supporting the health and social care workforce of the future Research objective: Research to optimise a public health, NHS, social care and wider health workforce that is effectively structured, trained, deployed and supported to deliver future effective and efficient models of healthcare which meet the needs of the UK’s ageing population. Priority research topics: Developing future models of healthcare which effectively and efficiently meet the changing needs of the UK population. Developing, evaluating and understanding how to implement interventions to enable a diverse health and care workforce to deliver world-class care while addressing the current recruitment, retention and wellbeing issues such as: - understanding the barriers to recruiting and retaining staff in the NHS and social care and identifying solutions including supporting wellbeing - identifying how to structure the workforce to meet future health needs and how to drive cultural and behavioural change within organisations - developing and evaluating interventions to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of staff (for example, skills-mix, task-shifting and service integration) - developing and evaluating technology-assisted workforce solutions to reduce burden on staff while maintaining patient outcomes (for example, diagnoses assisted by artificial intelligence, robotics to support surgery and care, remote monitoring of patients including hospital at home and virtual wards)
- How does the most appropriate support (financial and non-financial) vary by groups? Including younger and older people, those from different minority ethnic groups, refugees, ex-service personnel, women, parents, victims of domestic abuse and those with complex needs, mental health conditions or homelessness?
- How effective are child maintenance and associated policies at supporting separated families, encouraging family-based arrangements, reducing conflict and helping children and adults achieve better outcomes? And how does this differ by group?
- What are the different ways to define and measure labour market progression and sustainable work? How does this vary by life stage and group? What are the implications for targeted policy measures in terms of health, employment and wellbeing outcomes?
- What is most effective in preventing people from falling out of the labour market? Does this differ for different groups? Who is best placed to deliver support?
- Which interventions best support health equity and equality across different groups of workers, including those with health conditions and/or disabilities and/or caring responsibilities?
- What is the occupational health profile of the GB workforce and how do different work (e.g. trade/tasks) and demographic factors contribute to this?
- How will the changes in working practices following the COVID-19 pandemic, such as increased hybrid and homeworking, escalation in the gig economy, and changes in the demographics of the work force affect work-related ill health?
- What is the impact of trends in key societal and economic changes on the future transport system? Including travel patterns, working from home, attitudes to the high street, the distribution of population i.e., dispersed vs concentrated living decisions. How do these changes affect the demand for transport and how have the needs of the user changed?
- Evidence on the burden of disease associated with each of these disease areas, including both mortality data and quality of life adjustments.
- What conditions need to be in place for transport investments to transform local economies? These conditions may relate to demographic factors, complementary investments, or government policies for example. What are the micro mechanisms that underpin how workers move across space due to better transport connections?
- How do experiences of advertising harm differ across demographics, including across adults and young people?
- Reducing the gap in confidence in the police which exists between different communities in London
- Equality and diversity: How do protected characteristics and socio-demographic differences impact upon interactions with the justice system? How can we better understand and account for population-level differences, experiences and inequalities in our policies, particularly for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals?
- Are there geographical or other demographic differences in participation?
- What are the risks, needs, protective and promotive factors of different groups? Particularly those with multiple disadvantage, or multiple complex needs?
- Do different interventions work for different groups and in different contexts?
- Do these differ regionally or for different groups?
- How can we define and measure procedural justice and (subjective) fairness? How does this vary by jurisdiction, and protected characteristics?
- To what extent do different demographic groups volunteer, both formally and informally? What types of volunteering does this include?
- Which groups struggle most to resolve their justice problems, either through inaction or difficulty accessing the justice system and wider support services?
- How legal migrant workers are recruited into which markets and their characteristics How the supply of foreign workers interacts with indigenous labour supplies, local skills gaps and retraining programmes.
- How might coronavirus affect migration trends? For example, as an amplifier or as a driver of migration in itself? If it impacts, which regions of the world are likely to be most affected
- Analysis of the relevance of demographics for the impact coronavirus has in different parts of the world
- Increasing the recruitment, retention and progression of high quality staff, particularly those with protected characteristics
- What is the emerging evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economies and productivity of cities and regions, coastal/rural, and deprived areas? How does this vary across the different parts of the UK?
- Who is currently engaged with neighbourhood governance (in terms of demographics) and what are the gaps, patterns, trends, needs and preferences of different groups?
- How can we better understand flows into the courts and tribunals system, reasons for entry, and the impact of external organisations and their activities?
- To what extent is housing tenure (e.g. social rented, private rented, home ownership etc) driven by choice? What drives people’s choices? For example, is private renting seen as a ‘stepping-stone’ to home ownership? And how does this vary across different geographical areas?
- What does the evidence show about how the pandemic has affected people’s preferences about where they live and where they are able to work (e.g. rural areas versus cities)? How are these preferences different across cohorts, such as socio-economic, and locations? Are any such trends likely to be long-term?
- Which factors, or characteristics, make some areas perform better than others at different spatial scale (towns, cities, regions)?
- What are the estimated social gains to R&D in the UK? What is the estimated value of spillovers, and how important is geographical proximity to their capture?
- What are the spatial drivers and distribution of R&D activity? Within that, what are the relevant roles of infrastructure, excellence and capacity?
- How can we best measure the impact of large exporters at a sub-regional level (for example, agglomeration effects, supply chain effects)? How can we measure the structure and interactions in the supply chain in exporting sectors?
- Better understand and quantify the extent to which investment in grassroots facilities improves participation, including for underrepresented groups and in different parts of the country.
- What are the underlying drivers of geographical differences in educational attainment?
- What impact do further education, technical education and apprenticeships have on improving earnings and career progression for learners? What is the best way to assess the longevity/durability of impact and how does it vary by qualification and learner demography?
- What are the emerging drivers of change and what might future change look like? New thinking, analysis, and data can improve our understanding, and our ability to anticipate how economic, social, and environmental drivers might change in the future. How these affect the trajectory of environmental outcomes and the future state of rural communities and businesses?
- How will different groups of society, particularly in rural communities, be affected by changes associated with the move towards Net Zero and the goals of the 25 Year Environment Plan? How can positive effects be adopted more widely and negative impacts be mitigated?
- What makes communities resilient to natural hazards and other crises? What can we learn from the coronavirus pandemic about the loss of resilience and protecting vulnerable communities to inform future response to crises? What are the important social dimensions for achieving environmental and infrastructure resilience?
- How has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced how people engage with and value environmental systems (including nature, wildlife, and farming and food supply)? What opportunities does this present to lock-in positive behaviour change and secure environmental objectives in the longer term?
- Which actions by communities, civil society groups, and local and central government, would most effectively and efficiently improve the completeness and accuracy of electoral registers for all people?
- What are the implications and opportunities of demographic (e.g. ageing workforce), geographic (e.g. hubs) and technological (e.g. automation, robotics and machine learning - cognitive technologies) change for the ways in which the Civil Service is organised?
- How does the type of online advert (such as video, display, social media influencers etc) influence engagement/interaction with online advertising? How does this engagement differ by age?
- Assess and provide evidence for effective interventions to reduce inactivity (undertaking under 30 minutes of exercise per week for the adult population, 16+), and increase physical activity (defined as +150 minutes per week for the adult population), considering underrepresented groups and demographics, as well as the cost benefit analysis.
- How does engagement with and perceptions of different media forms shift across demographic characteristics? What interventions could improve engagement?
- What works in terms of improving diversity (defined as representation of protected characteristics and socio-demographic background to the UK population) within the creative industries sectors’ workforce to bring it closer to being representative of the UK workforce and audiences?
- How does career progressions differ for those with different protected characteristics and across socio-demographic backgrounds?
- Who is affected by it?
- What works in terms of improving diversity (defined as representation of protected characteristics and socio-demographic background to the UK population) within the media workforce to bring it closer to being representative of the UK workforce and audiences?
- How does career progressions differ for those with different protected characteristics and across socio-demographic backgrounds?
- What impact are podcasts having on the UK radio market? What is the scale and reach of the UK podcast market, in terms of the number of providers, usage of different platforms, market share of providers and platforms, demographics and other factors including financial dynamics?
- What is the best way to secure the inclusion and accessibility of radio on smart devices? What is the current value exchange between smart device platforms and UK radio stations, and how is this likely to change in the future? What are the audience demographics for old digital (DAB) radios vs new DAB+ devices.
- What is the size of the population who watch linear TV but currently have no broadband at home? What size may that population be in the coming decades?
- What are the social, economic, cultural and democratic impacts of national and local news provision in the UK? How can we best quantify and/or qualify the impact of national and local news provision? How do these impacts and benefits differ across different demographics and stakeholders?
- Analyse and explain what works in terms of increasing access to and engagement with AHT sectors, notably across young people, people who are currently in lower socioeconomic households and ethnic minorities.
- What are the barriers to engagement in digital cultural offers for different groups and how can innovative digital content be used to reduce barriers to audience engagement?
- Is there a link between representation in media and consumption across demographics?
- Analyse and explain the drivers of spatial differences in cultural engagement across the UK?
- How widespread is loneliness?
- Which demographic groups are most car reliant? And which are public transport reliant?
- What works to increase mode shift towards bus usage? How does this differ by region or across different demographic groups?
- What role could the theory underpinning social welfare functions play in analysis associated to the Government’s levelling-up agenda? What role could new census data play in the analysis of levelling-up?
- What are the major barriers to volunteering for different demographic groups?
- What are the drivers of demand for services in this sector taking into account the needs of different groups?
- What are the backgrounds of individuals who currently work within LawTech? How might future employment within the legal sector change because of technology and technological investment?
- How do geographic, demographic, cultural, and other factors affect people’s ability to resolve their legal problems?
- Managing careers - Where the need for people/human capital endures, how do we build fulfilling Defence careers, particularly in scarce skill disciplines where traditional military hierarchies, structures and approaches do not attract people with the skills we need for the future? How do we encourage a broader range of people to work in challenging roles and environments?
- How can we model existing data from human, animal, plant, and environmental health indicators to better understand the interconnection and potential impacts of climate change?
- How can we best understand and measure the relationships citizens have with different layers of UK governance?
- What are the needs and experiences of victims, defence witnesses, and those in distressing civil, family, or tribunal cases? How does this vary by protected characteristics, socio-economic or socio-demographic background and jurisdiction?
- How can we better understand drivers of demand in the justice system, so that we support early problem resolution where appropriate, whilst ensuring the formal justice system is accessible to those who need it?
- How can we better understand novel uses or applications of AI in the geospatial ecosystem, such as in the analysis of Earth Observation and Population Movement data, 3D visualisation, and climate modelling?
- Where are the opportunities to break down barriers, tap into unrealised opportunities and ensure that those building our digital and technological solutions are representative and cognisant of UK societal needs as a whole?
- Statistics representing society: How well or poorly do statistics represent society, and what are the impacts of this on how they are used and valued?
- How do economic cycles affect employment, unemployment, economic activity and wages? How do any effects vary for different groups?
- How can we better monitor and evaluate the impacts of road schemes, and other large-scale infrastructure projects, on the local environment and those who use and live in that that environment e.g., on cultural heritage sites in the area; on local residents, in terms of well-being and on local biodiversity?
- What is appropriate time and notification for a transition event? How could that impact different demographics?
- What are the key demographic and market dynamics in HE? For example, what are the trends and impacts of franchises in terms of student participation, local growth, and student outcomes?
- What are the future trends for demographics and working/saving behaviour? How do these vary across demographic groups, including ethnicity and other characteristics? What further reforms to state and private pension provision might DWP require to ensure long-term sustainable financial security for older people and pensioners?
- What are the causes, consequences and costs associated with parental conflict and family breakdown? What is effective in avoiding or mitigating parental conflict and for whom? How do parental characteristics including worklessness, low skills, lack of stable housing, ethnicity, parents in the perinatal stage, LGBTQ+, being (or having been) a member of the armed forces, mental health and parents with SEND children interact with conflict and influence what works?
- What are the causes/drivers of the ethnic minority employment gap? What are the barriers to entry and progression in the labour market for ethnic minorities?
- Understanding differences in victim satisfaction across London
- Understanding the drivers of homicide and serious violence
- What factors affect the likelihood of different groups receiving different sentences, including custodial, community or other court disposal sentences? How do sentencing recommendations vary by the availability of different options?
- How can we improve forecasts of case volumes for the courts and tribunals system? How can we better understand future demand and supply, to help plan for the delivery of services?
- How do individuals in the courts and tribunals system vary by, for example, protected characteristics, socio-economic or socio-demographic background? How do these characteristics compare across jurisdiction and case type?
- What are the enablers to encouraging and sustaining greater diversity – in terms of protected characteristics and socio-economic background – in the legal profession, particularly within senior roles?
- Why do recruitment, career progression and pathways, and retention within the legal profession, vary by protected characteristics, socio-economic and socio-demographic background?
- How do geographical and demographic factors affect legal aid awareness and uptake? How does legal aid uptake vary by eligibility?
- Future skills - We assess that the world of tomorrow will be increasingly automated. How could we determine the different blend of skills needed by Defence in the future? With other sectors competing for the skilled labour, how could Defence ensure it can attract an agile workforce with the required skills?
- Impacts of different types of new arrivals on local communities, the economy and public services (monetised and non-monetised costs and benefits).
- The changing modes and operation of criminal behaviour, the size and characteristics of the offender population, and pathways into offending.
- Is the housebuilding market more concentrated/less intensely competitive than other markets? How has this changed over time, and how does the UK compare in this respect with other countries? What are the implications of this?
- What factors affect public perceptions of trade and how does this differ by specific groups, sectors and regions?